Cite "A Model of Christian Charity" With Confidence
John Winthrop's "A Model of Christian Charity," delivered aboard the Arbella in 1630, remains a cornerstone of American history and religious thought. Its enduring relevance lies not just in its historical context but also in its enduring themes of community, charity, and the social contract. However, citing this seminal work accurately and effectively requires understanding its nuances and utilizing appropriate citation styles. This guide will help you confidently cite "A Model of Christian Charity" in your academic work.
Understanding the Source Material
Before diving into citation, it's crucial to grasp the text's complexities. "A Model of Christian Charity" isn't a formally structured essay; rather, it's a sermon, delivered orally and later transcribed. Variations in different editions exist, so specifying the edition you're using is essential for accurate referencing. The text explores the concept of a "city upon a hill," a powerful metaphor that has shaped American identity for centuries. It emphasizes the importance of love, unity, and mutual support within the Puritan community, presenting a vision of Christian society that extends beyond individual piety to encompass communal responsibility.
How to Cite "A Model of Christian Charity"
The method of citation depends on the style guide you are using (e.g., MLA, Chicago, APA). Here's a breakdown of how to cite the sermon in common styles:
MLA (Modern Language Association) Style:
- If using a specific edition:
Winthrop, John. A Model of Christian Charity. Edited by [Editor's Name, if applicable], [Publisher], [Year of Publication], [Page Numbers].
- Example (assuming a specific edition):
Winthrop, John. A Model of Christian Charity. Edited by Perry Miller, Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1952, pp. 123-147.
- In-text citation: (Winthrop 123). This refers to page 123 of the cited edition.
Chicago/Turabian Style:
- Notes and Bibliography Style:
ยน John Winthrop, A Model of Christian Charity, ed. [Editor's Name, if applicable] ([Publisher], [Year of Publication]), [Page Numbers].
- Bibliography Entry:
Winthrop, John. A Model of Christian Charity. Edited by [Editor's Name, if applicable]. [Publisher], [Year of Publication].
APA (American Psychological Association) Style:
- If using a specific edition:
Winthrop, J. ([Year of Publication]). A Model of Christian Charity. In [Editor's Name] (Ed.), [Book Title] ([Page numbers]). [Publisher].
- In-text citation: (Winthrop, [Year], p. [Page Number])
Important Considerations:
- Online editions: If using an online edition, provide the URL and access date. Always prioritize reputable sources like university archives or scholarly project websites.
- Specific passages: When quoting, always include the page number(s) even if you're only using a short excerpt.
- Consistency: Maintain consistency in your citation style throughout your work.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: What is the main argument of "A Model of Christian Charity"?
A: Winthrop's central argument in "A Model of Christian Charity" is that the Puritan community in the New World should be guided by Christian love and charity, not individual self-interest. He envisions a society where members support each other, share resources, and act as a unified body, reflecting God's love and grace. He uses the metaphor of a "city upon a hill" to emphasize the community's responsibility to serve as a shining example of Christian virtue for the world.
Q: What is the significance of the "city upon a hill" metaphor?
A: The "city upon a hill" metaphor has profound significance. It encapsulates Winthrop's vision of a utopian community based on Christian principles, a model society that would inspire other communities and nations. This powerful image has resonated throughout American history, shaping national identity and inspiring both ideals of exceptionalism and critiques of American hypocrisy.
Q: What are some key themes in "A Model of Christian Charity"?
A: Key themes explored include: charity and love as guiding principles, the social contract and communal responsibility, the role of government in upholding Christian values, the importance of humility and self-sacrifice, and the concept of a divinely ordained community.
Q: How has "A Model of Christian Charity" influenced American history?
A: Winthrop's sermon has had a profound and lasting influence on American history and political thought. Its emphasis on community and shared responsibility has resonated with various groups throughout the centuries. The "city upon a hill" metaphor, in particular, has shaped national identity and continues to inspire both idealism and critical reflection on America's role in the world.
By carefully considering these points and adapting them to your chosen style guide, you can confidently cite John Winthrop's "A Model of Christian Charity" in your academic work and contribute to a deeper understanding of its enduring legacy.
